What is the System for Award Management (SAM)?

The System for Award Management (SAM) located at www.sam.gov is the data repository necessary for doing business with the federal government.  The website is free to the public and users of SAM include contracting officials, contractors, and the public. 

To be awarded a contract by the federal government, contractors are required to register in SAM.  The one-time registration provides basic information for both procurement and financial transactions.  The information must be validated annually by updating and renewing the entity registration. 

SAM allows government agencies, contracting officials, and other contractors to search for your company based on your ability, size, location, experience, ownership, and more. SAM allows users to search for firms certified by the Small Business Administration (SBA) under the 8(a) Development and HUBZone Programs. SAM also incorporates the Online Representations and Certifications Application (ORCA) system.  ORCA is a web-based system where the contractor provides required information about the company (e.g., accounting procedures; travel policies).  ORCA verifies that the firm meets certain Federal requirements (e.g., complies with equal opportunity legislation).

SAM validates the contractor’s information and electronically shares the secure and encrypted data with the Federal agencies' finance offices to facilitate paperless payments through Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT). Additionally, SAM shares the data with Government procurement and electronic business systems. A contractor only needs to input business information in one database), which will then automatically populate the SBA Dynamic Small Business Search (DSBS) database.

As a contractor to register in SAM you need to have the following:

• Dun & Bradstreet Data Universal Numbering System (D-U-N-S®).  See my previous blog Dun & Bradstreet (A Necessary Evil)
• Taxpayer Identification Number (TPIN) is an identification number used by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS).  The TPIN will be verified by the IRS so it must be entered EXACTLY like the paperwork from the IRS.  The TPIN will be either the Employer Identification Number (EIN) for the contractor company or in the case of a Sole Proprietor the number will be the Social Security Number (SSN).  Keep in mind activating a new EIN with the IRS takes 2-5 weeks.
• Bank Account information for EFT
• North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).  The NAICS codes will inform the public what kind of industry work you can perform.

Once your registration is submitted for processing, information from SAM is routed to Defense Logistics Information Service (DLIS) in Battle Creek, Michigan for Commercial and Government Entity (CAGE) Code assignment.  Once the CAGE code is approved it will be sent to SAM to update the registration.  Government contracting requires a CAGE code.   The code may be used for a Facility Clearance, a Pre-Award survey, automated Bidders Lists, pay processes, source of supply, etc. In some cases, prime contractors may require their sub-contractors to have a CAGE Code also.

For further information please visit the DGE web site.

Choosing a Business Bank Account

So you have incorporated, and that is a significant step in the right direction.  All is well in the world, but now you need a place to do financial transactions.  Part of registering your business to do work for the federal government involves having a bank account to transfer money back and forth.  Choosing a business bank account is harder than choosing a personal bank account because of all the options.

The choice of business bank accounts boils down to whether you are going to carry a large balance and how many transactions you have each month.  That will determine your monthly fees. 

To establish a bank account you need the following:

• Articles of Incorporation for Corporation or LLC
• If a Sole Proprietor or Partnership you will need one of the following:
• Fictitious Name Certificate or Statement
• Certificate of Assumed Name
• Business License
• Registration of Trade Name
• Employer Identification Number (EIN)

You have choices between banks.  You can choose a big nationwide Bank, a community bank, a credit union or an internet bank.  I wanted a nationwide bank because of my business with the federal government.  Currently, I have contracts in several states, and I needed the ability to have a bank that was not local.  To compare all options, including local credit unions, NerdWallet provides an extremely handy tool called “Compare Business Checking Accounts.”  I provided my experience in the table below of three nationwide banks.

Bank	Monthly Fee	Minimum Opening Deposit	No Charge Transactions and Deposits	Interest Bearing	Online and Mobile Access
Wells Fargo (Simple Business Checking)	$10	$50	Includes 50 transactions and $3,000 in cash deposited monthly	No	The have both.  However, their online system is not as friendly as other banks.  It is somewhat difficult to use. They have online statements and access to check images.
Chase (Total Business Checking)	$10 when you are enrolled in Paperless Statements (or $12 for paper statements); waived when you maintain a $1,500 minimum daily balance	$25	Includes 200 transactions per month without a fee and $7,500 in cash deposits each month without a fee	No	Chase has the best online banking and mobile access system.  If this is important to you, then choose them.
Bank of America	No monthly fee first two months, then $17/month	$100	500 transactions per month at no cost. Additionally you can deposit up to $25,000 cash to the account without a fee.	No	I have not used their online or mobile access, but they do provide it.

If you know me, Linda Rawson, I am commonly called she-geek.  So the relatively small difference in cost made me want the high-quality online banking.  We use Quickbooks Online, and it synchronizes with Chase.  Don't make the decision for a business bank account quickly but analyze your true needs as a business owner.

Choosing a Corporate Structure (One size does not fit all)

DISCLAIMER:  I, Linda Rawson, am not an attorney or accountant.  I am merely giving you my opinion and lessons learned from my experiences.

 

Okay.  Pay attention to that disclaimer as I will be referencing it again.  The proper way to choose a corporate structure is to consult an expert such as an attorney or accountant.

One of the first and most important choices when starting a business is the selection of the type of legal entity your company will be.  This decision will affect how much you pay in taxes, how much paperwork you will need to do, determine personal liability and impact the ability to raise money through the sale of equity.

I reviewed C Corporation, S Corporation and Limited Liability Company (LLC) when I started my business. 

C Corporation and S Corporations require a corporate return, corporate minutes and give you the option to establish shares to sell for equity.  It sounded like a lot of high-cost record keeping work that I wanted to avoid.  Nobody likes to do paperwork. 

When I started, it was just me.  I didn’t imagine I would be anything else other than a consultant.  I thought I would be claiming all my income on my individual tax return Schedule C.   I wanted simpler taxes, so I incorporated as an LLC without consulting an attorney or accountant.  The State of Utah makes it so easy to incorporate.  It even generates the articles of incorporation for you.  Why would I want to do all that extra bookkeeping?

Then the next thing is filing with the IRS.  Here is where I made a critical error that almost prevented me from obtaining my 8(a) status when I first applied.  They classified me with my Employment Identification Number (EIN) as a Single-Member LLC.  Single-Member LLC was great until the SBA said an LLC is defined as one or more people and we cannot approve your application unless you get this changed.  I had ten days, I added my daughter as the other member, expedited the articles of incorporation, and our 100 percent Woman-Owned Small Business (WOSB) expanded to two people.  That was in 2009 when our 8(a) application was approved by the SBA.

Later, after participating in the Mentor-Protégé Program, we used a lawyer to convert DynaGrace Enterprises to an S Corporation to have the option to sell shares if we needed to raise capital.  Payment for government work can be delayed up to 90 days and as a company you have to carry that money and wait for the government to catch up.  You will get paid, but it may take some time. 

The main advantage to switching to an S Corporation was to minimize Social Security and Medicare taxes for myself and to limit my personal liability.  The profit and losses are still passed to me utilizing a K-1 form and reported on my individual return.   I didn’t choose to experience the double taxation that is the downside of the C Corporation.

When I started my business, Sole Proprietorship wasn’t talked about much but it is my understanding if you own 100 percent of your business this may be the option for you.  Again please consult an attorney or accountant to figure out the best choice.  

Remember in business, as in life, one size does not fit all.  

It can be expensive to convert to a different corporate structure later, but it is not a critical mistake, and change can mean growth but know the facts and make the best decision at the time.